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 Cold Fusion
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
			  
			Cold Fusion is the fusion of nuclei at temperatures approaching room 
			temperature. This is a process distinct from Hot Fusion, in which 
			experiments for the last forty years have attempted to duplicate the 
			temperatures and pressures of the Sun (hot and intense!) by the use 
			of plasma physics and such things as Tokamaks and other clever, but 
			useless devices. The difficulty, of course, is that hot fusion has 
			been receiving millions upon millions of dollars annually for four 
			decades in a vain attempt to create a fusion reactor capable of 
			providing energy.  
			  
			The very idea that this massively funded attempt 
			is a total waste of time, money, and talent -- and the whole thing 
			could be done in the kitchen or a garage workshop -- is a bitter 
			pill for the priesthood of the scientific establishment to swallow.
			
 Well, they’ve done it again! And we can all, for the nth time, try 
			to incorporate yet another paradigm shift in our thinking to account 
			for the latest in the science originally termed "cold fusion". To 
			quote Norman Horwood’s [1] increasingly appropo comment, "Life is 
			difficult enough without people inventing things." How true! And in 
			today’s world, scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs of every 
			stripe are inventing things on a massive scale -- and in the 
			process, making life difficult for virtually anyone with a vested 
			interest in the status quo (which by recent estimates, amounts to 
			about ninety-seven percent of the population).
 
 To put it all into perspective, however, it might be worthwhile to 
			consider a brief history, a review of the past years when cold 
			fusion (which has become identified with: "space energy", 
			"Zero-Point Energy", "vacuum energy", "quantum energy dynamics", and 
			in a more logical term, "nucleodynamics") has become a household 
			word. It all began, of course, with the well-publicized announcement 
			of Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons on March 23, 1989, of their 
			having achieved "excess heat" from what was supposedly a simple (at 
			least in theory) electrolysis experiment [2].
 
 This was followed by a mass denial from "establishment" science 
			(particularly the now increasingly defunct "hot fusion 
			enthusiasts"), and replication of the phenomena in laboratories 
			which had the technical competence and took the time to properly 
			conduct the experiment. But the overall furor generated by the 
			initial news conference and its immediate aftermath was enough to 
			send any rational cold fusion scientist underground for many years. 
			Small wonder, considering the viscous and wholly unscientific nature 
			of the attacks on the experiments -- not to mention the 
			experimenters!
 
 Within five years, however, when the results of the Fourth 
			International Conference on Cold Fusion, began to make their 
			presence felt, it was clear cold fusion was rapidly maturing and had 
			begun the laborious process of gaining adherents, including those 
			with financial backing.! But it was the fifth conference (ICCF-5) in 
			Monte Carlo in April 1995 that really brought cold fusion into the 
			mass consciousness. For it was in Monaco that the "Demonstrations" 
			began, when Hal Puthoff’s "One-Watt Challenge" [3] was answered in a 
			host of ways.
 
 From the solid state proton conductors with their alleged huge power 
			factor of available electricity to the water-implosion devices with 
			their excess shaft horsepower, scientists of every stripe were 
			presenting devices which apparently generated power in useable 
			quantities and forms. Legitimate denial was no longer possible in 
			the face of these devices which provided excess energy in such 
			convenient packages. I say "legitimate denial", because it was this 
			same conference which generated the incredible, and what with 
			hindsight one can only label abhorrent, backlash from vested 
			interests.
 
 Foremost among the attackers, of course, were the utilities; at 
			least the ones who had the foresight to see their industry doomed. 
			The automobile, trucking, railroad, and airline industries did not 
			immediately see that they were but a different species of dinosaur, 
			but they soon weighed in as well with their attempts to deny, 
			discredit, and denigrate cold fusion and all that it represented for 
			the future. To be honest, one can appreciate an industry, such as 
			the utilities, wincing a bit when they see their massive 
			infrastructure turning from an enormous financial asset to an 
			equally enormous liability. Still, it is unfortunate they chose to 
			use such despicable tactics, ones which, incidentally, with the aid 
			and abetment of governments such as the United States, very nearly 
			succeeded. But such is the stuff of momentous, earth-shaking 
			paradigm shifts.
 
 Sadly, much of the scientific establishment chose to attack cold 
			fusion and nucleodynamics as well. Even the relatively simple 
			concept of distinguishing electrodynamics (the science of electrons 
			in motion) from nucleodynamics (the science of protons and nuclei in 
			motion) was a paradigm shift too large for many establishment 
			scientists to make. Given this reluctance, it is all the more 
			obvious they would have difficulties with such challenges as:
 
				
				
				Experimentally-supported, 
				theoretical understandings of such concepts as inertia, the EPR 
				Experiment, faster-than-light protons, capillary fusion, and 
				multiple-dimensions beyond our known space-time. 
				
				Demonstrations of successfully 
				combining the theories of the Zero-Point Energy, Prigogine’s 
				Self-Organizing theories, and Chaos Theory. 
				
				Excess energy, in the form of heat, 
				electricity, and shaft horsepower, being generated in a variety 
				of ways in which the only common ingredient is the use of 
				protons and/or nuclei in non-linear motion. 
				
				Enhancement of excess energy effects 
				when experimental apparatus were subjected to ultrasonic and/or 
				pulsing, non-linear magnetic fields. 
				
				Development and manufacture of small 
				power units suitable for use in homes, buildings, and modified 
				automobiles. 
				
				Environmental restoration, based on 
				the rapidly decreasing levels of power-generating air and water 
				pollution from utility power plants, automobiles, and other 
				fossil-fuel devices. 
				
				Transmutation of elements, including 
				Biological Transmutation and the straight-forward incineration 
				and elimination of toxic and nuclear wastes (as opposed to 
				previous attempts at waste management) 
			The transmutation of elements, the stuff 
			of Alchemy, was probably the straw that broke the back of most of 
			the remaining, inflexible scientists. Or the work of such stalwarts 
			as Komaki [4] and Kervran in the area of non-radioactive, biological 
			transmutation of elements. For it is in this arena that recent 
			reports once again challenge our credulity. 
 We could perhaps tolerate such challenges to our lives as:
 
				
				
				Vehicles which fly without wings 
				(the only purpose of wings being to save fuel, and with 
				nucleodynamics, no issues of energy availability). 
				
				The virtual elimination of 
				international borders as customs, immigration policies, and 
				other relics of the past face the reality of virtually unlimited 
				mobility of technologically-advanced humans (who, incidentally, 
				have no need for highways -- their construction, maintenance, or 
				traffic). 
				
				The potential for weapons which kill 
				with the sheer immensity of the amount of power available, and 
				the same potential for defensive systems. (If one can take 
				energy out of the vacuum at will, it follows that one can put 
				any amount of energy back into the vacuum and thus nullify the 
				effects of a massive surge of energy being use in an attack).
				
				
				The societal upheavals as people 
				discover they must learn whole new skills in order to cope, and 
				simultaneously, realize they can live anywhere in the world. 
				(With unlimited energy, one can modify the immediate environment 
				at will and have the mobility to go anywhere they choose.) 
				
				Recent demonstrations of controlled, 
				Levitation devices which use many of the techniques which have 
				tapped into the zero-point, space energy, and which affect the 
				space-time continuum in some very interesting ways. 
				
				The near-term potential for private 
				interplanetary vehicles, piggybacking onto the commercial 
				possibilities of NASA’s successes in utilizing the power from 
				nucleodynamics to make a manned landing on Mars and the journeys 
				to more distant planets (in particular Jupiter and Saturn).
				 
			Perhaps we could indeed, deal with these 
			challenges to our paradigm, all of these New Energy Ramifications. 
			But now, we are faced with the culmination of the "cold fusion 
			paradigm shift", a shift spanning a decade and one which is easily 
			the most significant in the history of civilization; a singularity 
			to end all singularities, a bifurcation point which will inevitably 
			lead to chaos and a wholly unknown, unpredicted and unpredictable, 
			new self-organization. It is the idea of biological transmutation of 
			elements implying that living organisms may be already, regularly 
			tapping into the Zero-Point Energy.  
			  
			Furthermore, it is recognized that 
			
			water, with its unique and incredible properties being only now 
			fully realized, is the predominant player in nucleodynamics. Thus it 
			is a natural, logical extension that humans, being living organisms 
			with an abundance of water in their physical bodies, may well have 
			the same capabilities. The speculation now being put forth, which 
			challenges us all, is that humans, with only the stuff of their 
			minds, may be capable of all the incredible technology which we have 
			seen introduced in the last decades! 
 Many skeptics may claim that the idea of a human capability which 
			can transmute elements, tap into the Zero-Point Energy, connect 
			Consciousness with The Fifth Element of Connective Physics, manifest 
			reality in whatever manner the human mind determines, is just so 
			much poppycock. Unfortunately for such naysayers, the last decades 
			of scientific innovators successfully transmuting "poppycock" into 
			scientific and established reality does not bode well for a 
			too-quick dismissal of this concept.
 
 More recently, in February 2002, Infinite Energy magazine reported 
			on an official U. S. Navy Technical Report 1862, in which a Dr. 
			Frank E. Gordon (Head, Navigation and Applied Sciences Department, 
			Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego) made the 
			following statements:
 
				
				“As I write this Foreword, California is 
			experiencing rolling blackouts due to power shortages. Conventional 
			engineering, planned ahead, could have prevented these blackouts, 
			but it has been politically expedient to ignore the inevitable.
				   
				We 
			do not know if Cold Fusion will be the answer to future energy 
			needs, but we do know the existence of Cold Fusion phenomenon 
			through repeated observations by scientists throughout the world. It 
			is time that this phenomenon be investigated so that we can reap 
			whatever benefits accrue from additional scientific understanding. 
			It is time for government funding organizations to invest in this 
			research.”  
			There is also the disturbing report of one journalist, who recently 
			visited a research facility known for its track-record of credible 
			contributions to nucleodynamics. According to the journalist, he was 
			just outside one of the laboratories when he distinctly heard 
			someone yell, "Shazzam!". This was immediately followed by a 
			distinctive flash of lightning just above the building, along with a 
			deafening clap of thunder. 
 
			References:
			 
				
					
					[1] Horwood, N., quoted by Tinsley, 
				C., "How the oil age ends", Cold Fusion, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 
				1994. [2] Pons, S., and Fleischmann, M., Business Week, May 8, 1989.
 [3] Puthoff, H. E., "Alternative Energy Sources: Good News/Bad 
				News and ’The 1-Watt Challenge’," Proceedings of the 
				International Symposium on New Energy, Denver, Colorado, May 
				12-15, 1994.
 [4] Komaki, H., "An Approach in the Probably Mechanism at the 
				Non-Radioactive Biological Cold Fusion or So-called Kervran 
				Effect (Part 2)," Poster presentation at the Fourth 
				International Conference on Cold Fusion, Maui, Hawaii, December 
				6-9, 1993.
 
			
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			Mass
 The Illusion of Mass
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
 Fundamental to some of the most basic philosophical and spiritual 
			traditions of the world is the concept that “matter” -- the material 
			that makes up what appears to be real to our senses -- is in all 
			respects illusionary. It is what has been referred to as maya, and 
			has no basis in reality -- other than perhaps as a distraction to 
			humans searching for meaning.
 
 Physicists refer to matter and the material world by a term called 
			mass -- “a coherent body of matter of indefinite shape” (a 
			definition which might apply to several relatives). For all extents 
			and purposes, it is mass which makes up the material world, from the 
			mass of incredibly small elementary particles, to the mass of atoms 
			and molecules, to the mass of a set of weightlifter’s barbells, to 
			the mass of any coherent body. From a combination of these two 
			perspectives (maya and mass), one might consider whether or not the 
			mass defined by physics is also illusionary in the sense of having 
			no fundamental nature.
 
 From the perspective of modern physics, 
			
			Puthoff, et al [1] have 
			argued that “the concept of mass may be neither fundamental nor 
			necessary in physics.” From their perspective, Einstein’s famous 
			formula (in which mass can be equated with via E = mc2) 
			is not about the conversion of one fundamental thing, mass, into 
			another fundamental thing, energy; but rather “a statement about how 
			much energy is required to give the appearance of a certain amount 
			of mass.” If they are correct in their theorizing, “there is no such 
			thing as mass; only electric charge and energy, which together 
			create the illusion of mass.”
 
 These authors point out that:
 
				
				“The physical universe is made up of 
				massless electric charges immersed in a vast, energetic, 
				all-pervasive electromagnetic field. It is the interaction of 
				those charges and the electromagnetic field that creates the 
				appearance of mass.”  
			The means that the apparent weight of 
			any object thought of as having mass, is nothing more than the 
			interaction of electric charges and an electromagnetic field. This 
			is basically the same as in the concept of Superstrings, where 
			theory suggests that the void (i.e. nothing) forms infinitesimally 
			small strings which wink in and out of existence, but which when 
			focused together begin to make up the so-called mass of elementary 
			particles. 
 The distinction between mass being real or illusion is important, in 
			that it provides for gravitational theory to be united with 
			electromagnetic and quantum theory in such a manner as to verify the 
			reality of the “vast, energetic, all-pervasive electromagnetic 
			field.” This field in turn provides a means for the 
			interconnectedness of all things, the unspecified interaction of 
			matter in Mach’s Principle, and the basis of Connective Physics.
 
 
			Inertial and Gravitational Mass
			Mass, from the traditional physics viewpoint, arises from two 
			sources, its inertia and the gravitational attraction of other 
			masses. This has led in physics to a distinction between inertial 
			mass and gravitational mass -- a distinction which can be easily 
			demonstrated in a simple Experiment. One can be thought of as 
			resistive force to change in motion (speed and/or direction), while 
			the other stems from an attractive force between masses.
 
 Gravitation seems a simple concept, wherein two objects with mass 
			are attracted to each other, dependent upon the inverse square of 
			the distance between them, their respective masses, and a 
			Gravitational Constant. Why these masses are attracted to each other 
			is never really addressed, while the means by which a force connects 
			them -- what physics thinks of as “action-at-a-distance” -- has been 
			under debate since Galileo. Or longer. Thus gravity, while 
			experientially easy to deal with -- i.e. no support, one fall down! 
			-- the physics itself is still in flux.
 
			  
			(To add insult to injury, there is 
			evidence from such a diverse field as 
			
			Hyperdimensional Physics to 
			suggest that the Gravitational Constant... is not a constant, and 
			has changed notably over the eons. Even some 0.06% in the last 
			twenty years or so! It may be just a matter of time before “what 
			goes up... stays”, i.e. Levitation and/or the worst fears of the 
			Anti-Gravity Defamation League come true.) 
 Inertia’s case, on the other hand, is even more difficult. Galileo’s 
			attempt was to define inertia as a property of matter that kept an 
			object in uniform motion, unless acted upon by a force external to 
			the object. Sir Isaac Newton formalized this in his Principia, and 
			in his first and second laws. His first law is actually a special 
			case of the second, the latter which states that the acceleration 
			(a) -- change in velocity (speed and direction) is 
			proportional to the force (F) applied on the object, 
			and that the constant of proportionality is the mass (m). 
			I.e. F = ma.
 
			  
			Inertial mass can thus be viewed as the 
			resistance of an object to being accelerated by an external force. 
			When there is no force, or when the force ceases, the acceleration 
			is zero, and the object moves in uniform motion (maintaining the 
			same speed and same direction). Massive objects are therefore 
			assumed to resist acceleration because such resistance is an innate 
			property of matter. It’s a questionable assumption. 
 Mach’s Principle
 Newton was never able to his 
			own satisfaction, explain inertia. 200 years later, an Austrian 
			physicist and philosopher, Ernst Mach, tried to explain inertia in 
			what later became known as Mach’s Principle. This principle assumes, 
			among other things, that,
 
				
				“a particle’s inertia is due to some 
				(unfortunately unspecified) interaction of that particle with 
				all the other masses in the universe; the local standards of 
				non-acceleration are determined by some average of the motions 
				of all the masses in the universe, and all that matters in 
				mechanics is the relative motion of all the masses.”  
			The principle goes on to imply the 
			existence of “interactions between inertia and electromagnetism.” 
			[2] 
 Mach’s Principle can be viewed as an entire universe being altered 
			by changes in a single particle -- much in the same manner as 
			hurricanes and tornadoes occurring in Florida because of an El Nino 
			weather pattern in the Pacific Ocean, or perhaps more aptly, the 
			flapping of a butterfly’s wings in Peru causing rains in Kansas.
 
 The means by which such “actions-at-a-distance” can be 
			interconnected (whether through the exchange of elementary 
			particles, or some “unfortunately unspecified” means) has a long 
			history in physics. It stems originally from Newton’s concept of an 
			Absolute Space, the latter replaced by Maxwell’s “ether”, and more 
			recently theories which encompass Mach’s principle.
 
			  
			Ultimately, we are left with the idea 
			that Mach’s Principle implies that the whole universe matters 
			locally. Furthermore, the interconnecting link of all masses in the 
			universe -- the “vast, energetic, all-pervasive electromagnetic 
			field” -- can now be likely identified as the Zero-Point Field. 
			State-of-the-art physics is now demonstrating the truth of what 
			sacred traditions have long assumed as an article of faith! 
 References:
 
				
					
					[1] H. E. Puthoff, Alfonso Rueda, 
				and Bernhard Haisch, The Sciences (Vol 34, No 6, Nov/Dec 1994, 
				pg 26-31). [2] Rindler, W., Essential Relativity, Springer-Verlag, New 
				York, 1977.
 
			
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			Spin
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
 The spin of an elementary particle (electrons, protons, neutrons, 
			pions, et al) is a basic characteristic. It manifests itself in 
			numerous ways, including the splitting of electron levels in atoms 
			and nucleon energy levels in nuclei -- in accordance with the Pauli 
			Exclusion Principle. The fundamental question, however, is from 
			where does the spin derive? In the case of a proton or neutron 
			(collectively a nucleon), the spin supplied by quarks accounts for 
			only 20 to 30% of the total. And the question of where the quarks 
			derive their spin goes unanswered as well! Jaffe [1] has also noted, 
			for example, that, “Much of the nucleon’s spin lies elsewhere.”
 
			  
			Furthermore,  
				
				“The nucleon is a highly 
				relativistic bound state of quarks and gluons. It cannot, even 
				in principle, be separated into its components.”  
			Peterson [2] in answering the question,
			 
				
				“Why do quantum particles exhibit 
				the quality of spin at all?”, replies that in a fundamental 
				sense, “we do not understand where it comes from or why it is 
				there.”  
			Berman [3] has suggested that spacetime 
			has torsion -- in effect “Torsion is to spin as curvature of spacetime is to mass.” Another plausible explanation is that the 
			spin exists to prevent collapse of the particle’s charges. In the
			
			Casimir Effect, efforts to understand why the like charge fragments 
			of an electron did not result in the electron coming apart.  
			  
			It was suggested Casimir’s electronic 
			electron shell might be a magnetic or Meisner Field, the very 
			structure of the electron that of a minute superconducting sphere of 
			like charges, and the electron depending upon its intrinsic spin in 
			order to maintain it’s existence. Finally, one might consider that 
			the three dimensions of “spin-space” briefly alluded to in 
			Superstrings is the Torsion Space that Berman [3] has introduced.
			
 In addition, the assumption that quantum fluctuations of quarks, 
			gluons, of whatever, within the elementary particle might account 
			for its spin, is a good example of staying in the box. Why not have 
			the spin of any elementary particle derive its spin virtually from 
			every other like particle? Effectively, a Mach’s Principle of Spin. 
			It is the next logical step in any manifestation of Connective 
			Physics.
 
			  
			
			References:
			 
			 
				
					
					[1] Jaffe, R.L., “Where Does 
				the Proton Really Get Its Spin?”, Physics Today, September, 
				1995, pg 24-30. [2] Peterson, I. “Proton-Go-Round; Whence does the proton 
				get its spin?”, Science News, Vol. 152, September 6, 1997, pg 
				158-159.
 [3] M. S. Berman and R. M. Marinho, “Spacetime May Be 
				Chief Source of Proton Spin,” Physics Today, September, 1996, pg 
				13-14.
 
			
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			Superconductivity
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
 Superconductivity is infinitely more than a physics phenomena of the 
			first order. It may be one of the fundamental linking mechanisms in 
			an unlimited and connected universe. The physics is referenced, for 
			example, in the Scientific References, but for those looking for a 
			quick and dirty explanation, the following will provide an inkling 
			of the immensity of the subject. Just keep in mind that any U. S. 
			patent application which includes anywhere in its text the word 
			“superconductivity” is automatically sent to the Department of 
			Defense for review. That should be convincing evidence that this 
			subject is worth investigating.
 
 Most, but not all, conductors of electrical current, when cooled 
			sufficiently in the direction of absolute zero (0 ºK, -273.15 ºC), 
			become superconductors. The superconducting state itself is one in 
			which there is zero electrical resistance and perfect diamagnetism. 
			[1] This means that current flowing through a superconducting 
			circuit does not experience i2R heating (current squared times the 
			resistance), and the current can flow indefinitely.
 
			  
			Also, diamagnetism is the property of a 
			substance to become magnetized in a direction at right angles to an 
			applied magnetic field (Michael Faraday discovered the effect in 
			1846 that when such substances were brought near the pole of a 
			strong magnet, they were repelled). The diamagnetism of the 
			superconducting state is extraordinary in that it expels from its 
			interior any external magnetic field(s) -- up to a limiting critical 
			magnetic field strength. 
 The last factor is even more incredible when one realizes that when 
			a conductor undergoes the transition to the superconducting state, 
			the superconductor expels a pre-existing field -- a phenomenon known 
			as the Meisner Effect. (The superconductor’s magnetic field is also 
			called a Meisner Field, and is thus distinguished from the nature of 
			other magnetic fields.) External magnetic fields do penetrate the 
			superconducting Meisner Field to some degree, the penetration depth 
			being temperature dependent (minimum penetration at 0 ºK, and 
			infinite at Tc, defined as the Critical Temperature for the 
			superconductor in question).
 
 Inasmuch as it takes energy to expel a magnetic field from a 
			superconductor, a magnet can under the right circumstances float 
			freely above a superconductor at the point where the upward force 
			generated by the field-expulsion energy balances the downward 
			gravitational force. This dramatic phenomenon of magnetic Levitation 
			becomes even more fascinating when one recognizes the Earth is 
			effectively a magnet, and that a superconductor (being of somewhat 
			less mass) could thus reverse the roles and float freely above the 
			Earth.
 
 The currently reigning theory with respect to superconductivity is 
			known as the BCS theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, 
			and J. Robert Schrieffer). The BCS theory describes a pairing of 
			conduction electrons by some interelectron attraction and a 
			condensation of these pairs, “Cooper pairs”, to form a macroscopic 
			quantum state. The superconductor’s electrical resistance is zero 
			because the Cooper pair condensate moves as a coherent quantum 
			mechanical entity, which atomic lattice vibrations and impurities 
			cannot disrupt by scattering individual Cooper pairs in the same 
			manner they scatter single conduction electrons -- the latter being 
			the reason electrical circuits have resistance.
 
 The critical elements in reaching the superconducting state are for 
			conduction electrons to somehow form Cooper pairs, which then in 
			turn automatically condense into a coherent flow, the “coherent” 
			aspect being similar to that of a laser, i.e. everybody in step!
 
 How the Cooper pairs are formed is obviously a critical factor in 
			superconductivity. One theory is an electron passing by the crystal 
			lattice of atoms in the conductor distorts the lattice in such a way 
			the next electron is attracted to the lattice distortion. Or instead 
			of the electron-pairing being mediated by lattice vibrations, the 
			interaction of the conduction electrons may be due to charge or 
			electron spin fluctuations in some electronic subsystem.
 
 Note the emphasis on spin and fluctuations. From the discussions on 
			Casimir Effect and Spin, we derive the concept of an electron 
			consisting of an infinitely conducting shell, one with a minute 
			magnetic field [i.e. a superconductor with Meisner Field]. Spin adds 
			the critical ingredient of maintenance of the magnetic/Meisner 
			field, while fluctuations (at the level of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty 
			Principle) connect via Hyperdimensional Physics all of the electrons 
			in the superconducting state. But it gets better.
 
 Two superconductors separated by a very narrow insulating barrier 
			form what is known as a Josephson Junction. The Josephson mechanism 
			is a general phenomena and applies beyond the special case of 
			superconductors. There is, for example, a correlation among 
			oscillating electric dipoles, the microscopic components of living 
			systems. In effect, a pair of neighboring biological cells could 
			represent the same model, as in superconductivity.
 
 Researchers have in fact found evidence of Josephson-like phenomena 
			occurring in living systems. Other effects suggested a Meisner 
			effect -- and importantly, something which disappeared all together 
			in a solution which was completely sterile biologically. This has 
			led to the conjecture that room temperature superconductive effects 
			exist in association with living cells. Further, the realization of 
			nearby cells acting as a Josephson junction, yielded the conclusion 
			that intracellular coherence would, through the Josephson effect, 
			give rise to an intercellular coherence. Back to the laser; every 
			cell in step!
 
 An important aspect is that the oscillations of electric dipoles in 
			living systems are able to produce coherent electromagnetic fields 
			whose phase is locked to the phase of the matter field. An external 
			electromagnetic field can become phase correlated only if its energy 
			does not disrupt the coherence. Very strong electromagnetic fields 
			can actually disrupt this correlation, or coherent structure, in a 
			biological system. An external electromagnetic field can interfere 
			with the fundamental processes of cell division, and conversely the 
			cellular process can induce electromagnetic phenomena. [2]
 
 And it’s all about superconductivity!
 
 The implications are staggering, particularly in Consciousness 
			research, where by some unknown means, human consciousnesses are 
			interacting and influencing each other. Some of these interactions 
			are effectively coherent interactions such as in a group meditating 
			or praying with the same goal. The really fundamental question is 
			the degree and manner in which the phenomenon of superconductivity 
			is playing a role in consciousness.
 
 Other research has shown that strong emotions can alter our DNA! No 
			kidding. Thus we are faced with our emotions modifying our DNA, 
			which in turn (along with our conscious mental effort and/or focus), 
			influences the external world. And because such effects -- at least 
			according to the implications of The Fifth Element, Zero-Point 
			Energy, and similar research... because such effects are not limited 
			by distance of linear time, we might want to rethink our even 
			thinking (or getting emotional about) making anyone else emotionally 
			upset.
 
			  
			Think of everyone else having PMS and a 
			45 caliber pistol. The only saving grace is that apparently the real 
			power of emotions and/or mental focus are limited by the degree to 
			which an emotional/mental consciousness can tap into the 
			superconducting state. 
 In this regard, it is worth noting the research of David Radius 
			Hudson. In one of his lectures (this one in 1995, in Dallas, Texas), 
			he paints a coherent picture of a new reality. Excerpts from this 
			lecture are included below:
 
				
				“Superconductivity is not 
				electricity. Superconductivity is like a world of it’s own. A 
				material that is a superconductor contains one vibrational 
				frequency within it, a lot like a laser. The light flows 
				perpetually within the system. No where in the system is there 
				any voltage. You can’t hook up a wire here and a wire there to 
				the superconductor and get current to flow in and out of it, 
				because to get current off of the wire, you’ve got to have a 
				voltage, and yet by definition a superconductor won’t allow any 
				voltage. So the material’s a perfect insulator, not just a 
				superconductor. But if you resonant frequency tune the wire so 
				that the electrons vibrate at the same frequency as the 
				superconductor, then the electrons will flow on as light, as 
				electron pairs. They will pair up and flow on, because they’re 
				seeking the path of least resistance which is the 
				superconductor.” 
 “It’s different than an ordinary conductor and shouldn’t be 
				thought of as electricity, because it’s light. An amazing thing 
				is, if you resonant frequency tune a conductor to the frequency 
				of the superconductor, the energy starts flowing, but it’s 
				flowing as light. Any amount of light can exist in the same 
				space-time. There’s only so much electricity can flow on the 
				conductor, but light can flow on forever.”
 
 “Around the superconductor a Meisner field is formed. The
				Meisner field has no north or south pole; it’s just a field, but 
				it’s unique in magnetism in that it has no north or south pole. 
				The size of the magnetic field is proportional to the amount of 
				light that is flowing within the superconductor.”
 
 “In the Ark of the Covenant was a pot of the Manna, and the 
				stone through which God spoke to Moses. When Moses was up on 
				Mount Sinai, he was smelting the Manna to the gold glass. Why do 
				I say that? When you understand that in Old Kingdom Egypt these 
				[hairy things over the eyes] were called bushes not eyelashes. 
				These were bushes; check you’re Egyptian literature. The burning 
				bush was the enlightened Third Eye.”
 
 “So, Moses on Mount Sinai, when he looked upon the burning 
				bush... That was just a mistranslation. It was the third eye 
				opening and God communicated to him through this stone. 
				God 
				didn’t write on the stone. If he wrote on the stone, why would 
				he put it in a box, seal it up and then let no one look at it? 
				If God wrote on it, He would put it up on the wall where 
				everybody could read it. When you realize that in Old Kingdom 
				Egypt, on the holiest day in Old Kingdom of Egypt -- in the Sign 
				of the Seal [by Graham Hancock] you read this -- they carried 
				around an Ark on two poles, and in the Ark was a stone. 
				Coincidentally what was in the Ark of the Covenant? A stone. The 
				pot of Manna and the stone. The gold glass.”
 
 “Around the Ark of the Covenant was the Meisner field. The 
				strange thing about the Meisner field is that other Meisner 
				fields that oscillate at the same frequency, can enter that 
				field and not perturb it. So if you are a high priest, a 
				Melchizedek priest, and you eat this Bread of the Presence of 
				God every week, you are a light being, and you can enter into 
				that field and approach the Ark of the Covenant and not perturb 
				it because you’re in resonance with it. But if you’re an 
				ordinary soldier or a person who thinks bad things, they have to 
				tie a rope around your legs because as you approach it, it may 
				have a flux collapse. Now if you can imagine several hundred 
				thousand amps, and now you have voltage, it’s like a bolt of 
				lightning. It literally is energy of an unbelievable magnitude.”
 
 “As long as there is no voltage, you could touch it, you could 
				feel it, it’s hundreds of thousands of amps, but no tickle, no 
				tingle, because there’s no voltage. As long as you’re in 
				resonance with it, you can approach it, you can touch it, you 
				can hold it, you can feel it; Nothing! But if you’re not in 
				resonance with it, and enter the field, and perturb the 
				resonance, and there’s a flux collapse, and now you’ve got 
				voltage... It’ll kill you.”
 
 “Remember in the Bible that the Ark of the Covenant actually 
				levitated and floated along, and actually carried some of the 
				people who were carrying it. The only thing to do that’s a 
				superconductor.”
 
			References:
			 
				
					
					[1] “The New Superconductors,” Frank 
				J. Adrian and Dwaine O. Cowan, Chemical and Engineering News, 
				December 21, 1992. [2] “Magnetic Flux Quantization and Josephson Behavior in Living 
				Systems.” E. Del Giudice, S. Doglia, M. Milani, C. W. Smith, and 
				G. Vitiello, Physica Scripta 40, 1989.
 
			
			Back to Contents
 
			  
			  
			Superstrings
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
 Superstring Theory is often construed to have been formally 
			initiated in physics in 1970 by Yoichiro Nambu. Prior to that time, 
			elementary particles were analyzed in some cases as points -- an 
			attribute which was clearly an approximation at best, and at worst, 
			untenable. Even the idea that elementary particles were made up of 
			quarks, was not wholly satisfactory, in that this concept had its 
			own stable of problems.
 
 However, a perhaps equally valid viewpoint is that “string theory” 
			actually began with Pythagoras, whose philosophy centered about the 
			power and harmony of numbers (e.g. the Pythagorean Theorem) and that 
			mystical tetrakyts, or foursomes, held the secret to the universe. 
			It is, after all, strings where we most easily encounter the 
			harmonies.
 
 Pythagoras’ theories have a lot of appeal, particularly in the 
			manner in which the beauty of numbers correspond with the melodies 
			and harmonies so pleasant to the ear. Eugene Wigner, a theoretical 
			physicist has noted what he calls,
 
				
				“the unreasonable effectiveness of 
				mathematics. Again and again, abstract and beautiful 
				mathematical relationships explored for their own aesthetic 
				sake, are later discovered to have exact correspondence with the 
				real world -- a coincidence that is quite remarkable.” [1]
				 
			The unique relationship between 
			mathematics and Music is but one example of this “unreasonable 
			effectiveness of mathematics.” 
 Modern Superstring theories are based on generalizing the notion of 
			a point particle to that of a string-like object.
 
				
				“In an analogy to a string of piano 
				wire, the lowest note of the string corresponds to massless or 
				very light particles, such as the photon, graviton, or electron; 
				the harmonics or higher modes of the string correspond to the 
				very massive particles which modify the theory at high energies 
				in a way that cures the divergences (infinitely large 
				contributions to cross-section calculations) which have plagued 
				quantum theories of gravity in the past.    
				Superstrings also incorporate
				Supersymmetry, a theory which predicts that each particle is 
				accompanied by a superparticle with similar properties, (except 
				that the spin must differ by one half unit). The superparticles 
				are characteristically predicted to be heavier than ordinary 
				particles.” [2]  
			Superstrings, themselves, are theorized 
			to have a length of 10-33 centimeters, while the tension in the 
			string is assumed to be as much as 1039 tons. [i.e. the superstrings 
			are really intense!] This length is on the order of the Planck 
			Length, where -- according to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, 
			Zero-Point Energy, and other ideas in Connective Physics -- it is 
			possible that particles are winking in and out of existence. Strings 
			can theoretically twist and turn, spin and vibrate, tie and untie 
			themselves, do the bossa nova and most any other thing the human 
			mind can imagine. 
 The latter likely includes having sex, in that the interactions of 
			superstrings are based on the “inevitable consequence of the 
			topological nature of the strings themselves”[1]. When you think 
			about it, the topological nature is pretty much what controls sex 
			with humans! In addition, “strings are free to split and join 
			[divorce and marriage], an open string break in two [schizophrenia], 
			or join its ends to form a closed loop [hermit or closed mind].
 
 Meanwhile, back at the relatively (pardon the pun) serious ranch...
 
 According to relativistic restrictions, strings must be massless, 
			with the ends of the strings moving at the speed of light. In order 
			for the superstrings to represent particles with mass, the strings 
			vibrate and rotate such that they generate a series of energy 
			levels, just as a violin string has a series of notes. With 
			Einstein’s E = mc2, these energy levels become the 
			associated masses of the particles. (But then, as has been pointed 
			out elsewhere, Mass may be illusionary, not really exist at all, and 
			simply be the manifestation of electrical charge. Einstein’s 
			equation is valid only to the extent the illusion is valid.)
 
 Superstring Theory describes everything (from particles to forces), 
			requires the existence of gravity (while point particle theories 
			require gravity to not exist), and requires a reality of ten 
			dimensions (26 dimensions in some of the earlier versions of the 
			theory) in which to operate and for the strings to do their things 
			-- including... whatever. These additional six (or 22) dimensions 
			provide a whole new gamut of opportunities for speculation.
 
 Space and Superstrings are fundamentally intertwined. The theory 
			demands that strings create their own dynamic space-time, rather 
			then simply being a part of an already existing continuum. Space 
			itself can be enormously modified by black holes, who upon 
			collapsing into themselves create the possibility of a singularity 
			in space (the mathematical physicist’s nightmare). However, in 
			Superstring theory, there is the possibility that when a black hole 
			(a collapsing massive star) reaches the magic 10-33 centimeters, 
			vibrating superstrings, while not eliminating the black hole, may 
			help avoid the singularity. Whew! Close!
 
 Meanwhile the additional six (or 22) dimensions are accounted for in 
			Superstring Theory by the simple (and charming) expedient of 
			compactification. The idea is to curl up the additional extra 
			dimensions into such a small radius (10-33 centimeters or less) that 
			they become invisible. This sounds rather convenient, until one 
			considers the theories of Zero-Point Energy, in which an extra 
			dimension or two is particularly convenient in order to move energy 
			intra-universally.
 
 Take, for example, a two and three dimension analog, i.e. assume one 
			has a circuit board with which to do all sorts of clever things 
			electronically. Two dimensionally, many of the wires will overlap -- 
			but not connect if the third dimension is utilized. From the two 
			dimensional perspective the third dimension might not even be 
			recognized, but its existence makes the 2d circuit board perform. If 
			one lives in Flatland, the 3d contribution might likely appear 
			magical. But from our 3d perspective, it’s no big thing.
 
 EM forces may be caused by a curvature of an alternative (parallel?) 
			space, and the transitions between these spaces (as modified by 
			time) allow for the ZPE. Or perhaps the ten dimensions of 
			Superstring Theory are (1) time, (2,3,4) gravitational space, 
			(5,6,7) EM space, and (8,9,10) Spin Space, with the latter 6 “folded 
			in” or “compacted”??
 
 Harvey [2] has noted that,
 
				
				“One of the unsatisfactory aspects 
				of string theory is the lack of a simple fundamental principle 
				which would explain many of its marvelous properties.” 
				 
			A possible answer is one akin to Mach’s 
			Principle -- i.e. the strings tie things together! <g> 
 References:
 
				
				[1] Peat, F.D., Superstrings and the 
				Search for The Theory of Everything, Contemporary Books, New 
				York, 1988. [2] Harvey, J.A., “Superstrings,” Physics Today, January, 1987, 
				pg S-27.
 See also:
 [3] Bailin, D., “Why Superstrings?”, Contemporary Physics, Vol 
				30 #4, 1989, pg 237.
 [4] Schwartz, J.H., “Superstrings,” Physics Today, November, 
				1987 pg 33-40.
 
			
			Back to Contents 
			 
			
 
			
			The Fifth Element
 
			by 
			
			Dan Sewell Wardfrom
			
			LibraryOfHalexandria Website
 
 Introduction
 By means of a simplified extension of Classical Mechanics and
			Electromagnetics, it is possible to theoretically postulate an 
			“over-unity” energy system which requires no fuel of any kind, and, 
			simultaneously, a propulsion system which requires no propellant 
			mass.
 
 The energy system need not burn, transform, or otherwise modify a 
			fuel -- and thus there are no waste products, i.e. pollution. The 
			propulsion system would actually transcend so-called “anti-gravity” 
			systems or Levitation devices by virtue of the fact the new 
			Inertial 
			Propulsion system does not require a gravity field (such as the 
			Earth) in order to achieve significant propulsive thrust. In both 
			cases, by the “simple” expedient of tweaking the rest of the 
			universe in a clever way, unlimited amounts of energy and thrust may 
			be obtained.
 
 This combination of an advanced energy and propulsion system, which 
			would, among other things, enormously simplify space travel to the 
			planets and beyond, is a direct result of assuming one additional 
			term (i.e. a Fifth Element) in the equations of classical mechanics 
			and/or electromagnetics. The Fifth Element depends upon the rate of 
			change of acceleration in mechanical systems (acceleration of 
			current in electromagnetic circuitry) as well as a time constant 
			which is related to the apparent size of the system in question. The 
			larger the time constant and/or the greater the rate of change of 
			acceleration -- i.e. the more radical the change of pace -- the 
			greater the effect.
 
 Simultaneously, the same mathematics which demonstrate the reality 
			of over-unity energy systems and inertial propulsion systems, also 
			provide insight into the manner in which all aspects of the universe 
			are connected, and furthermore, show that there are no upper limits 
			to the available flow of energy via such connections. The 
			mathematics are in fact a potentially quantitative restatement of 
			what many of us have experienced numerous times in our lives.
 
			  
			Such experiences include everything from 
			consciousness and creativity to spoon bending, homeopathy, 
			chiropractic and other health practices, to karate, Crop Circles, 
			and tornadoes -- as well as free energy and advanced propulsion 
			systems! In fact, all of the above constitutes in part demonstrable 
			verification of the mathematical theory.
 Assumptions
 Physical theories are nothing more than succinct mathematical 
			approximations of reality. These approximations are in turn limited 
			by the theory’s basic Assumptions (which may be stated or unstated). 
			Unfortunately, these limiting, fundamental assumptions upon which 
			much of physics depends are not always inclusive of the diversity of 
			physical reality. Assumptions are clearly a fundamental aspect of 
			what physicists like to call “The Laws of Physics”, but all too 
			often the assumptions are not stated explicitly with the law.
 
			  
			This omission often results in a 
			misinterpretation of the law, or a faulty assumption as to the 
			applicability of the law in certain cases. The Laws of 
			Thermodynamics are a noteworthy case in point, as are the 
			Assumptions of Classical Mechanics.
 In the realm of applicability where Classical Mechanics is still 
			considered valid (i.e. non-relativistic situations), the premier 
			example of this branch of physics, Newton’s Laws, are technically 
			bound by certain assumptions. These include the fact that Newton’s 
			Laws are only applicable to a mass without dimensions (i.e. a point 
			mass) and one which is a rigid body. A second, perhaps more 
			fundamental assumption is that the action-reaction of the Third Law 
			is simultaneous. As it turns out, none of these assumptions are 
			valid in many cases, and in general are only approximations -- 
			albeit, some of the approximations can be entirely sufficient for 
			many practical applications.
 
 The assumption of absolute time (or simultaneity) when the action is 
			at a distance is the critical factor. In general, the “reaction” of 
			a body to an externally applied force can not be initiated 
			simultaneously with the initial application (“action”) of the 
			external force. This lack of simultaneity is due in part to the 
			limitations of speed to below that of light (from electromagnetic 
			theory) and in some cases below that of the speed of sound for 
			mechanical systems. This profound restriction on Newton’s Laws 
			brings time into the equation -- for example, a sudden surge (an 
			“action”) of electrical current along a conductor will also result 
			in an equal and opposite “reaction” -- but not simultaneously!
 
 Even more noteworthy is the fact that sudden and abrupt physical 
			acts or intuitive realizations follow the same framework. The point 
			to be emphasized here is the laws of mechanics are applicable in the 
			electromagnetic realm and vice versa, and that mechanics, 
			electromagnetism, other areas of physics, everyday experiences, 
			creativity, and consciousness are not separate or unrelated, but 
			wholly interconnected.
 
 Connective Physics
 Connective Physics can, in 
			general, be viewed as an extension of Classical Mechanics and/or 
			Electromagnetism. The theory is based upon the addition of a single 
			linear term, or element, to the traditional equations in order to 
			account for extreme and abrupt (or sudden changes) in the rate of 
			acceleration in either a particle or charge (or a larger collection 
			of the same). Classical mechanics and electrodynamics utilize the 
			same form of differential equations -- a significant factor in the 
			commonality of the so-called different fields of physics.
 
			  
			The addition of a single linear term was 
			first introduced by Davis [1, 2, 3], and discussed by Stine [4, 5], 
			and effectively transformed the relevant equations from second order 
			differential equations into third order differential equations.
 A sampling of these equations are shown in the Mathematical Theory, 
			along with technical comments on the Conservation of Energy, 
			Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and a host of other related 
			physical theories and experimental realizations. Interpretations of 
			the theory are discussed here in some detail, but in a 
			non-mathematical format. In this regard, for an essential 
			understanding of the theory, it is sufficient to recognize the 
			nature of what amounts to five entities or elements within those 
			equations.
 
 For example, each of the equations include an element (1) which is 
			the initiation upon a system of a force (be it mechanical, 
			electromagnetic, or otherwise -- i.e. an “initiating action”). This 
			force is fundamentally oscillating or cyclical in nature. In fact, 
			all dynamic systems in physics and engineering are cyclical in 
			nature (or can be approximated as such with the proper mathematics). 
			Fundamentally, the universe is based on Cycles, be they collections 
			of trigonometric sine waves, or the business and stock market 
			varieties.
 
 The equations of classical mechanics and electrodynamics also 
			involve three other elements, in addition to the first element; 
			which in mechanics, include: (2) position (and the tendency to 
			return to that position; as in a pendulum or spring), (3) resistance 
			to motion (said motion being velocity or speed related), and (4) 
			mass (or inertia), which is associated with acceleration.
 
 In electrodynamics, specifically electrical circuits, the 
			corresponding terms are:
 
				
					
					(1) electromagnetic force 
					(2) electrical charge (or 
					capacitance) 
					(3) resistance to current 
					(or resistance to charge in motion) 
					(4) inductance, 
					associated with the change in current or the acceleration of 
					charge 
			For our purposes, we will view these 
			first four elements as Force, Capacitance, Resistance, and Inertia 
			(in their broadest possible sense).
 In Connective Physics, a “Fifth Element” is added. If Capacitance, 
			Resistance, and Inertia are representative of position (of a mass or 
			electrical charge), change of position, and rate of change of 
			position, the Fifth Element constitutes the rate of the rate of 
			change of position (alternatively, the rate of change in 
			acceleration in a mechanical system). In an electrical circuit, the 
			Fifth Element is the acceleration of current (where current is in 
			turn the rate of change of charge with respect to time).
 
 The addition of this Fifth Element is in sharp contrast to the 
			classical version where the time delay between the initiation of an 
			action and the occurrence of a resulting reaction has been 
			implicitly assumed to be zero. This Time Delay is physically 
			significant in any system where there is a sudden or abrupt action 
			and/or where the system by its size or nature is slow to react.
 
 For example, if one wants to grab a tiger by the tail without any 
			subsequent negative effects, this could be easily done if one is 
			able to accomplish this before the “system”, i.e. the tiger, can 
			react by keeping his tail out of your reach. Obviously, the “system” 
			can be viewed as including the tiger’s response after you have a 
			hold of his tail, i.e. the “larger system of the tiger’s 
			retribution”. But if one is able, for example, to move faster than 
			the tiger, even the “larger system” can be exited before a reaction 
			hits home, so to speak. In effect,
 
				
				“You can get away with anything 
				provided you don’t get caught while you’re doing it, and you 
				leave the system immediately thereafter!” [2] 
			In the same fashion, unlimited energy 
			can be obtained from the universe for free provided that the means 
			of extracting it does so in a manner which precludes having to pay 
			the price of the reacting forces. The same can be said for intuitive 
			insights, health treatments which connect with the rest of the 
			universe, and other experiences. The Fifth Element is thus the 
			mathematical representation of the results of a sudden impulse -- in 
			whatever form it manifests -- and the potential ability to avoid, at 
			least in part, the price to pay for having the impulse imposed in 
			the first place.
 Energy Systems
 The theory of the Fifth 
			Element and its differential equations (as described in the section 
			on Mathematical Theory) -- along with their five elements -- can be 
			used to determine the energy flow within a system. When this is 
			done, we can obtain five expressions for the power or energy flow 
			(per unit time) -- each expression determined by the nature of the 
			elements: Force, Capacitance, Resistance, Inertia, and Time Delay 
			(the latter being the essence of the Fifth Element.)
 
 The first four of these elements yield expressions fully in accord 
			with mainstream physics. For example, the Capacitance and Inertia 
			terms, have very similar expressions, and essentially trade energy 
			with one another. In an electrical circuit, this is the fluctuating 
			power between the inductive (magnetic) and capacitive (electric) 
			elements in the circuit.
 
 The Resistance term is also as expected from classical theory, but 
			is distinct from the Capacitance and Inertia elements by the fact 
			that the power associated with Resistance is one-directional. Known 
			in electricity as i2 R heating, the Resistance element always acts 
			as a load, generating heat and effectively radiating this energy to 
			the external world. Critically important, the direction of the 
			energy flow is FROM the circuit TO the outside world, i.e. TO the 
			rest of the universe. This does not change.
 
 The Time Delay, on the other hand, is something quite phenomenal! 
			The mathematical form of the Time Delay element is in essence 
			identical in form to the Resistance element -- except for an all 
			important change in sign. If we assume the Time Delay factor (and 
			the inductance or mass) to be positive quantities (which in anything 
			remotely resembling classical or modern theories is true), then the 
			Time Delay element implies nothing less than that there is a rate of 
			energy being supplied TO the circuit FROM the external world!
 
 Resonance
 In physics, there is the potential for “resonance” in any dynamic 
			system -- be it mechanical or electromagnetic. Resonance events can 
			occur in virtually any system, and are regularly encountered in 
			“transient” events (as opposed to “steady state”). Engineers and 
			scientists have traditionally avoided transient events like the 
			plague -- inasmuch as these things tend to “blow up” -- and thus 
			have made it an article of faith among the purveyors of physics and 
			science’s practical applications to find ways to reach the steady 
			state condition as rapidly as possible.
 
			  
			The reality, however, is that it’s in 
			the transient conditions that the action really exists and where 
			there is the potential for unlimited benefits. It just takes a bit 
			more care in achieving and handling the results.
 Mathematically, resonance occurs when a denominator term anywhere in 
			the equations goes to a minimum (or zero), thus implying a maximum 
			(including infinity) for the term as a whole. In the equations of 
			classical mechanics and electromagnetics, terms within the 
			denominator can in fact go to zero, but the denominator itself never 
			goes to zero. This is because of the “Resistance” term, which can 
			never be zero, and which can not be countered by another term. This 
			is all in accordance with mainstream physics.
 
 In Connective Physics, however, the Resistance element can be 
			countered by the Time Delay element (i.e. due to the addition of the 
			Fifth Element). Thus, under certain circumstances, the entire 
			denominator in the expression can in fact go to zero, and thus yield 
			an “infinite” answer. In effect, there is no limit to the response 
			of the system!
 
 This potential for resonance, when combined with the universal 
			connectedness of the energy flow (described above), implies that 
			there is apparently no limit in the rate or amount of energy which 
			might be supplied by the external world to the system.
 
 In effect, the Time Delay Fifth Element might very well be an 
			infinitely sized, universal source of energy and power! And similar 
			to the Resistance term, it is limited strictly to one direction of 
			energy flow. It’s just that for the Fifth Element the flow is from 
			the universe to the local system.
 
 Furthermore, the addition of a Time Delay Fifth Element implies that 
			an electrical circuit (or mechanical system or any other physical 
			system) is NOT isolated from the rest of the universe, and that the 
			law of conservation of energy in a closed system is inapplicable in 
			that the “system” now constitutes the entire universe!
 
 Scientific and Mathematical Connections
 In delving into the equations of Connective Physics, numerous 
			connections become noteworthy. One example is to mathematically 
			assume a zero Resistance and an unlimited Capacitance. This might be 
			related to the real, practical world of reducing one’s tendency to 
			resist outside forces (on the basis of “resistance is the cause of 
			pain”), and at the same time to assume an unlimited capacitance of 
			the universe in providing for any and all needs.
 
			  
			While in real physical systems (and 
			possibly mental and emotional ones as well) there is always some 
			resistance and a finite capacitance, we can always look at such 
			small effects as acting as minor corrections, modifications, or 
			perturbations. Mathematically, we can make the assumption of zero 
			resistance and infinite capacitance and then consider that this is 
			the ideal to which we aspire (but do not necessarily ever quite 
			achieve).
 The assumption of a zero resistance and infinite capacitance leads 
			quite simply to solutions to the equations which yield as their 
			roots the numbers 0.618033987... and 1.618033987... i.e. the 
			Transcendental Numbers associated with the Golden Mean (or Golden 
			Ratio) of Sacred Geometry. In this manner, quite surprisingly, the 
			equations of Connective Physics are seen to connect in a 
			straightforward manner with the elements of geometry on its most 
			fundamental level.
 
 Sacred Geometry relates in turn to philosophy, nature, the human 
			body, and what is becoming increasingly appreciated as the most 
			fundamental aspect of human existence. What was recognized in 
			ancient times, is undergoing a resurgence of enthusiasm, and in the 
			process allowing for an understanding of the phrase, “the universe 
			is geometry.”
 
 In Astronomy, the orbits of all of the planets of our solar system, 
			for example, are related by sacred geometry. This can be seen in the 
			Harmony of the Spheres (or graphically in A Book of Coincidence), 
			where even the sizes of the planets are connected in this manner. 
			The latter refers specifically to the fact that the ratio of the 
			orbit and size of Earth to that of Mercury’s size and orbit have the 
			same Golden Ratio connection. Earth and Saturn’s orbits and sizes 
			are also both connected by the same geometry.
 
 The appearances of 
			
			Crop Circles have also shown a heavy influence on 
			geometry. But in this case, the apparent construction of anomalous 
			crop circles (those not obviously made by humans) also appears to 
			depend upon the sudden bending of stalks without breaking the stems. 
			Typically, this involves an “explosion” in the nodes of the plant, 
			such that a ninety degree right angle is “easily” attained without 
			disturbing the plant’s ability to continue to grow (albeit now 
			horizontally). This bending without the reaction of breaking is just 
			one of many manifestations of the Fifth Element.
 
 A basic aspect of Connective Physics is the time delay between 
			action and reaction. This leads to the idea of an Advanced 
			Propulsion System which achieves an “action” (a forward thrust) 
			without requiring an equal reaction in the opposite direction. 
			Effectively this reduces the need for what is referred to as 
			“reaction mass” or “propellant.”
 
			  
			In effect, nothing has to be forced in 
			one direction in order to achieve thrust in the opposite direction. 
			There is no water for an oar to push against, no air for a propeller 
			to push against, and no rocket propellant thrown backwards upon 
			which the rocket ship pushes against. Instead, an advanced 
			propulsion system uses inertia, and indirectly, inertia’s connection 
			to the rest of the universe, for its motive force. (The latter 
			inertial connection is part and parcel of Mach’s Principle.)
 Over-Unity Energy Systems are those systems where the efficiency of 
			a mechanical or electromagnetic device exceeds 100%, i.e. greater 
			than 1.00. This implies obtaining more energy from a system than is 
			input to the system in order to cause it to function. Connective 
			Physics allows for the possibility of such a system, whereby the act 
			of tweaking the universe in just the right manner provides for 
			unlimited amounts of energy to be transferred from the universe to 
			the local system in order to be used in what ever manner seems 
			appropriate. Numerous Over-Unity, “Free Energy” or “Space Energy” 
			systems have been suggested, and are discussed separately under 
			Zero-Point Energy.
 
 Hyperdimensional Physics is the inclusion of additional spatial 
			dimensions in our current theories of physics -- just as the more 
			in-fad theories of Superstrings involving anything from 10 to 27 
			dimensions -- and can be shown to result in the potential of tapping 
			into the Zero-Point Energy and achieving over-unity energy systems.
 
			  
			
			
			Hyperdimensional Physics, in particular, 
			involves an always changing configuration of the dynamical system, 
			and while many of the changes in planetary or solar activity may 
			appear to have very long time periods associated with them, the size 
			of the systems -- and thus the ability for one system to respond to 
			another -- are (quite literally) astronomical! (pardon the pun) 
			Thus, the Fifth Element term, which involves both the quickness of 
			an action, and the time delay to precipitate a reaction, is likely 
			to be involved in this branch of physics as well.
 Sonoluminesence is an anomaly where air bubbles in water subjected 
			to sound waves have been found to generate light. The light emission 
			occurs whenever the air bubbles collapse. Notably, the collapse of 
			the bubbles involve enormous accelerations and rates of acceleration 
			changes.
 
			  
			It seems highly likely that the 
			phenomena of sonoluminesence involves the Fifth Element of 
			Connective Physics and may represent an over-unity energy source. In 
			other physical experiments involving cavitation (the collapse of 
			bubbles on propellers or other moving objects in water), over-unity 
			energy production has been suggested as well, and Connective Physics 
			tends to also explain these facts.
 Experiential Physics
 Given the above scientific 
			and mathematical demonstrations, whereby access to a universal 
			energy source is both possible and potentially unlimited, we can 
			also consider if this mathematical theory is supported by 
			experiential physics -- i.e. the kind of situations any of us might 
			encounter in the daily course of our lives.
 
			  
			For example: 
				
				
				Tornadoes.  
				In the aftermath of the tremendous 
				winds of a tornado, discoveries of pieces of straw embedded 
				vertically in plates of steel have been encountered. If one 
				thinks in terms of the “difficulty” of penetrating a steel plate 
				with a piece of straw, there would be a tendency to dismiss the 
				possibility out of hand. But if the straw arrives at the plate 
				with sufficient speed, and penetrates the steel plate before the 
				plate can react to the straw (and thus bending or breaking the 
				straw), then the possibility becomes a distinct possibility.
				   
				The solution to the possible enigma 
				is that the straw “entered the system” and embedded itself 
				before the “system of the steel plate” could react. 
				Significantly, the straw undergoes an enormous deceleration -- a 
				radical change of pace -- and it is this change of pace which 
				makes the Fifth Element term large in comparison to the other 
				elements.
				
				Hammering.  
				When one hammers a nail, a curious, 
				typically unconscious aspect of the act is that after bringing 
				down the hammer on the nail head, the hand will suddenly and 
				automatically loosen its grip on the hammer the split second 
				before the hammer hits the nail. This results in protecting the 
				hand from the jarring effect of the hammer hitting the nail 
				(i.e. the reaction -- leaving the system to avoid paying the 
				price). The alternative is to feel the full impact, a thoroughly 
				unpleasant effect -- which we’ve learned instinctively to avoid. 
				The effect is even more noticeable when wielding a sledge 
				hammer!
				
				Spoon Bending.  
				A key element in the rather esoteric 
				ritual of spoon bending is that the practitioner accomplishes 
				the actual feat in a very brief time. After massaging the spoon 
				for some time, the individual will often feel a brief, subtle, 
				and sudden intuition of “now!”. If the persons reacts 
				accordingly, the spoon is quite literally formed into a metal 
				pretzel. If, on the other hand, there is hesitation, the moment 
				is lost and the spoon keeps its original shape. The key is the 
				sudden impulse (at just the appropriate moment)... And perhaps 
				the consciousness of the individual (see below).
				
				Homeopathy and Chiropractic.
				 
				In the process of preparing a 
				homeopathic remedy by repeated dilutions, a common practice is 
				hitting the resulting vial against one’s palm for a specific 
				number of times. In effect, the vial is being “hammered” or 
				“impulsed” in accord with the tenants of Connective Physics, and 
				thus connecting with the universe at large as part of its 
				procedures. The same conditions exist in Chiropractic circles, 
				where the practitioner jerks or provides a sudden impact to the 
				spine or other body parts in order to correct a misalignment or 
				unbalance within the body.
				
				Head Banging.  
				A popular new technique in the 
				movies is the banging of heads in order to knock one person 
				unconscious, while the initiator of the action escapes without 
				so much as a headache. This appears totally nonsensical to the 
				average scientist (except in Movieland), but in fact is entirely 
				plausible. If the initiator of the head banging does his deed by 
				hitting the other person’s head and very quickly retracting his 
				head, he can avoid the “equal and opposite reaction” of the 
				other person’s hard skull, and thus accomplish his nefarious 
				deed without pain. Meanwhile, the other person receives the full 
				brunt of the banging. Such a process might seem decidedly a 
				movie gimmick, except for Karate. I.e.
				
				Karate.  
				A typical demonstration of Karate is 
				the use of one’s unprotected fist to break a concrete block. An 
				essential element of Karate is the use of sudden force which is 
				very quickly retracted (as distinct from a “follow through” hit 
				where the fist continues in the direction of the object.) In 
				effect, the Karate hit enters the system, does the damage, and 
				then exits before the system can fully react and impart a 
				reaction hit upon the fist. This not only increases the power of 
				the hit (doubling the effective impact by doubling the rate of 
				acceleration of the fist), but saves the fist from whatever 
				“retribution” the struck object might inflict via an 
				action-reaction scenario.
				
				Bruce Lee.  
				Easily the most famous artisan of 
				the martial arts, Bruce Lee has been known to send opponents 
				flying fifteen feet with the movement of one of his fists only 
				moving an inch or two toward the unfortunate recipient of his 
				supposed wrath, and quickly retracting in order to avoid the 
				backlash of the action. The mathematics of Connective Physics 
				seems to explain Bruce Lee’s prowess as well. However, there 
				might be a bit more to it. For example, his state of mind, i.e. 
				consciousness, what might be termed the Bruce Lee Effect.
				
				Consciousness.  
				The apparent universal connection of 
				an individual consciousness to other individual consciousnesses 
				-- as described countless times outside of this website, as well 
				as briefly in ESP -- suggests a connection between this 
				fundamental aspect of human existence with the Fifth Element. 
				Connective Physics, for examples, implies the absence of closed 
				systems in the classical sense (except those, possibly, the size 
				of the universe). In other words, all things are connected, 
				including thoughts. In addition, individual consciousness can be 
				described as taking unconnected and chaotic properties and then 
				correlating them into an ordered structure.    
				Consciousness is thus anti-entropic 
				to the extent of the universe being anti-entropic. Both 
				consciousness and Connective Physics can thus be construed to 
				have the same universal anti-entropic properties -- i.e. both 
				allow for an increase in the order of local systems (instead of 
				the Entropy requirement of a decrease of order in any “closed 
				system”). 
			We might also note that Arthur Young [6] 
			refers to what we have termed the Fifth Element (or the mathematical 
			third differential term) as “control”, and in doing so implies 
			strongly that consciousness is the fundamental aspect of the 
			physics’ added term. We would be in strong agreement with Mr. Young.
 Conclusion and Applications
 Based on the gamut of the mathematical results (most of which are 
			not shown in detail in this brief treatise, but are included in 
			Mathematical Theory and More Math), we can summarize the following 
			postulates regarding a few of the key aspects of any physical or 
			other action:
 
				
					
					1) The universe always 
					contributes (i.e. is always connected energetically). 
 2) At steady state conditions, the universe’s 
					contribution is extremely small (becoming neglectable after 
					long periods of steady state behavior).
 
 3) Change or transient conditions implies an 
					increased universal contribution (i.e. when change is 
					initiated, the universe responds accordingly).
 
 4) The universal contribution is dependent upon the 
					degree of change initiated -- the greater the change, the 
					greater the universe’s contribution.
 
 5) The greater the rate of change, the greater the 
					universe’s contribution.
 
 6) The system Time Delay (which is dependent upon 
					both the size of the system and the transmitability of 
					information within the system) determines the amount of 
					universal contribution.
 
 7) Local energy must be put into the system to 
					initiate a universal reaction.
 
			Fundamentally, Connective Physics 
			confirms mathematically that the universe is connected and that 
			there are no limits.
 The degree to which we can actualize access to the unlimited 
			universal connection is based on sudden realizations, quick 
			conscious decisions, creative insights, and abrupt “pivots” in our 
			direction of thinking and/or action. One example might be a 
			readiness to love at a moment’s notice (and then the willingness to 
			“let go” even quicker). In general, it’s having a conscious thought, 
			and then letting it go, knowing it has already manifested (e.g. in 
			“parking prosperity” -- where one visualizes a convenient parking 
			space, immediately lets it go, and then easily finds it upon 
			arriving at their destination).
 
 An easier adherence to Sacred Geometry can also be had through:
 
				
					
					1) the elimination or 
					reduction in resistance and a corresponding sense of 
					unlimited capacitance 
					2) going with the natural 
					flow of the geometry of the situation.  
			All of this can be thought of as 
			accentuating the positive (i.e. acknowledging no limits to capacity, 
			love, or joy), and eliminating the negative (no resistance, going 
			with the flow, becoming “feather-weights”, and being unbounded by 
			the flow channels). And with an adherence to Sacred Geometry, 
			Connective Physics and the essence of Creating Reality, all of the 
			universe seems to cooperate in an effortless manner. 
 And from there, it only gets more fascinating. Consider, 
			for example, one reader’s feedback: The Fifth Element,
 
				
				"connects the 
			thought of ’serendipitous happenings’ to universal consciousness 
			that is very interesting." Maybe.    
				It also raises questions -- i.e. 
			Is "the term ’Local Energy’ a person’s expectancy of Good? Change, 
			in my own present experience, appears to be on the increase and the 
			concept of change is definitely something to ’deal with’. I must, 
			and gratefully so, admit that several of the most recent changes 
			have been remarkable via ’upgrading’.    
				"Another thought regarding Local 
				Energy... Is becoming as mentally ’quiet’ as possible regarding 
				apparent immediate change happenings to be a positive for 
				focused Local Energy... i.e., a possible energy attraction for 
				the contributions from the Universe. I am interested in the 
				manifestations that occasionally appear instantaneously and then 
				sometimes the manifestations seem to take lengths of time... and 
				as to the ’why’ in the time frames. I think that Local Energy 
				applies to something else or beyond ’physical energy doings.’ 
				The physical doings seem to attract frustration, etc., so 
				something else must be involved to attract positive 
				intervention/contributions from the Universe." [7] 
				 
			The student, for his or her own 
			edification may want to answer these questions. Or better yet, visit 
			Ming the Mechanic’s ruminations on the physics of reality, and the 
			possible nature of singularities and additional dimensions. It’s a 
			fascinating world! 
 
			References
			 
				
					
					[1] William O. Davis, private 
					notebook, June 9th, 1961. [2] William O. Davis, G. Harry Stine, E. L. Victory, and S. 
					A. Korff, “Some Aspects of Certain Transient Mechanical 
					Systems”, Presentation to the American Physical Society, 
					April 23, New York University, 1962.
 [3] William O. Davis, “The Fourth Law of Motion”, Analog 
					Science Fiction/Science Fact Magazine, May, 1962.
 [4] G. Harry Stine (Correy, L.), Star Drive, Del Rey, New 
					York, 1980.
 [5] G. Harry Stine, “Detesters, Phasers and Dean Drives”, 
					Analog Science Fiction/ Science Fact Magazine, June, 1976.
 [6] Arthur M. Young, The Geometry of Meaning, Robert Briggs 
					Associates, 1976.
 [7] Lila Hartman, Private Communication, 3/5/04.
 
			
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