Erich von Däniken -
Cargo-Cult
Erich von Däniken's theory is the most famous approach to solve
the mystery of Nazca. He had the idea that long time ago
visitors from other stars visited the earth and naturally Nazca. At this
place they landed, during the landing stones was blown away by the power
of rocket propulsion. By approaching more the power was increasing and
the cleaned band broader. In this way the first trapezes emerged. Later
the Aliens
disappeared and left confused people. Like in the modern cargo cults
they tried to call the Gods back by drawing lines, figures and trapezes.
Never Däniken said the formations was made by Aliens. He
discovered the
GGF/Mandala/Zodiac and the mirror - Formation and compares
them with modern VASIS or PAPI-Signs.
Alan F. Alford -
Negroid Slaves
This theory means the
Nazca-Lines was made by Negroid Slaves of the
Tihuanaco
Culture. After a revolution the Negroid population
destroyed some figure, this is the explanation for overdrawn
zigzag-formations. Later this people went in northern direction and
founded Chavin and the
Olmec culture.
Robert Bast - A
memory of the Deluge
Robert Bast from
Australia has a very interesting theory. All these animal, plant and
human-shaped figures are lying together on the ground. So it could be a
memorial place of the big flood. Many cultures of our world know
deluge-myths, you can find a couple of them at his Side. Or visit
directly the URL of his Nazca-Theory.
Gilbert de Jong -
A nazcan Zodiac
Gilbert de Jong
was himself in Nazca and measured the GGF by GPS. He obtained a length
of the square side of about 54,7 Meter. In the formation he recognized
a Zodiac. More about at his theory you can find on his site.
Robin Edgar -
Solar Eclipses
Robin Edgar from
Canada proposes that the Nazca-Figures were inspired by, and intended to
be seen by, the (so-called) "Eye of God" that is manifested during total
solar eclipses. An extraordinary series of solar eclipses coincided with
the construction of the Nazca lines. Some Lines are aligned with the
winter solstice, a less spectacular but more regular, "death" and
"rebirth" of the Sun God.
Maria Reiche -
Astronomical Theory
Maria Reiche, the
most famous Nazca-Researcher, prefer the astronomical theory. Lines
should show in direction of the rising of important stars and planetary
events like sun solstices. Formations like the spider and the monkey
could show star constellations like Orion and Ursa
Mayor.
The big problem of all astronomical theories is the
unknowing of the age. The direction of stars is changing within
centuries because the phenomena of precession.
Reiche has
led a determined effort to discredit the
von Daniken theory of extraterrestrials. The strategy of this
attack has been to argue that the Nazca Indians constructed the Lines
relatively recently - some time between 300 BC and AD 800. In support of
this possibility, some scientists have put forward ingenious ideas on
how the geoglyphs could theoretically have been designed from the
ground. The more important evidence, however, is that which attempts to
link the Lines definitively to the Nazcan culture. Here, neither of the
two key pieces of evidence survive close scrutiny.
The first piece of
evidence is a series of radiocarbon dates, based on ceramic and wood
remains which were left at the Lines by the Nazcan people. It is claimed
that this proves that the Nazcans constructed the Lines. On the
contrary, the dating of these materials tells us only that the
Nazcans lived in the area of the Lines. Since the Lines themselves
cannot be radiocarbon dated, the possibility remains that they already
existed when the Nazcan culture emerged.
The second piece of
evidence is the alleged resemblance of the Nazca geoglyphs to certain
features found on Nazcan pottery. This is an important issue because it
potentially offers proof that the Nazcans had either designed the images
or at least viewed them from the air. Maria has her theories but no
conclusive proof as to their construction.
In 1968, a study by the
National Geographic Society
determined that, whilst some of the Nazca lines did point to the
positions of the Sun, Moon and certain stars two thousand years ago, it
was no more than could be expected by mere chance. In 1973, Dr Gerald
Hawkins studied 186 lines with a computer programme and found that only
20 per cent had any astronomical orientation - again no more than by
pure chance. In 1982, Anthony Aveni obtained similar results, whilst in 1980,
Georg
Petersen pointed out that Reiche's theory did not explain the
different lengths and widths of the lines. More recently, Johan
Reinhard has noted that the surrounding mountains provided a
ready-made and much more effective mechanism for the Nazcans to use as a
solar calendar; the lines would thus have been quite superfluous to
them. In addition to this avalanche of scientific opinion, we should
also note that Reiche, like von Daniken,
has failed to explain the significance of the animal geoglyphs.
Maria Reiche, the German mathematician and archaeologist most
famous for her research into the enigmatic figures of Nazca, died in
1998 at the age of 95. She is buried in the arid valley she loved so
well.
Simone Waisbard -
Astronomical Calendar
Simone Waisbard
writes that the drawing of Nazca are a giant astronomical calendar.
Further the Nazca-line-system was used to measure the precipitation
value. Figures, especially seabirds, have a connection to the
meteorological prophecy system of the Nazca-Culture. Her ideas for the
trapezoid formations: places for holy animals before sacrifice them, or
field claims connected with filter galleries, observatories or places
for ritual ceremonies of the different clans.
Professor Gerald
Hawkins - No astronomical context
Hawkins and his
group went to Nazca to prove the astronomical Theory of Maria Reiche.
The made new and precise survey and analyzed the
course of important stars by using new computer software. This Software
included the star positions of the last 6900 years. After weeks of work
they had very disappointed to say: We didn't find any astronomical
context.
Jim Woodmann - The
Balloon Theory
Jim Woodmann made
a experiment in
Thor Heyerdahl's way. He let make a balloon of fine Peruvian
cotton, and a basket made by Aymara-Indians. This flying object was
called condor. Hot air from a fire was brought into the balloon, and
really, the balloon flied away after the two pilots was escaped. So Woodmann
had a new theory, they used black balloons to bury their
kings.
Prof. Anthony
Aveni - Water-Cult
Anthony Aveni isn't a friend of the astronomical theory
of
Maria Reiche.
He compares the Nazca-lines with the ceque-lines in Cuzco. Those lines
will brought in connection with calendar, water and mountain deities. So
he's the idea there's a connection between the Nazca-lines and the
subterranean canalization system. In this way the Nazca-Indians
celebrated a water-cult. Figures and lines was used for ceremonial
dances.
Michael Coe -
Ceremonial Places
Michael Coe believes the Lines are sacred paths to walk
by specific rites. But primary the lines was a offering for elders,
heaven- and mountain-deities who spent water for fields.
Siegfried Waxmann
- Culture atlas
Siegfried Waxmann recognized a culture atlas of the human
history in the Nazca-line-system.
Professor
Frederico Kauffmann-Doig - magic lines
The famous Archaeologist has the theory, that the lines of Nazca
are magic lines which origin from the cat cult in Chavin de
Huantar.
Georg A. von
Breunig - Sport stadion
Breunig has the idea that Nazca was used for sprinting to
honor especial gods or ritual competitions. This theory was supported by
the famous professor Hoimar von Ditfurth.
Markus Reindel /
David Johnson - Water Cult and Dowsing
David Johnson believes that the Nazca-Figures are markers
for subterranean water flow. Trapezoides show the broadness of the water
stream, zigzag lines show where they end, lines show into direction of
the puquitos. Reindel sympathizes with Johnsons Theory,
additionally he explain the nature of the figures by rod-dowsing (to
find the subterranean water) and shamanistic flights (to overview the
figures).
Wolf-Galicki -
Signals from Extraterrestrial Beings
The Canadian Galicki
recognize in the Nazca-System
doubtless signals of a extraterrestrial race. Only using this point of
view the big planning and work performance is plausible.
Hermann E. Bossi -
The Nazca-Code
Bossi's theory bases on a formation called the
GGF,
Mandala or Zodiac
that was discovered by Erich von Däniken 1995. This formation
include a plenty of different combination possibilities and include
information about the Star HD 42807 at different times and
it's planet. Other formations like the monkey seems to be of this code
too. The same code is to find in other places like Stonehenge, Avebury
and Borobudur, but also by
Crop Circles.
