The Iron Triangle

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 1 The Politician, the Businessman, and the Unlucky Eskimos

Berss, Marci. "If at First You Don't Succeed." Forbes, April 1, 1991, p. 60.

Gladwell, Malcolm. "Fairchild Bid Raised by Carlyle." Washington Post, February 1, 1989, p. Fl.

Greene, Robert. "Bush Appointee Resigns Over 'Cabal' Report." Associated Press, September 12, 1988.

Groves, Martha. "Sears Said Close to Selling Unit of Coldwell Banker." Los Angeles Times, March 14, 1989.

Hoffman, David. "Bush Associate Resigns after Disclosure on BLS; Malek Tallied Jews for Nixon Administration." Washington Post, September 12, 1988, p. Al.

Knight, Jerry. "A Big-Money Matchmaker; Thayer Capital Makes Its Markas a New Player Among Old-Time Investment Firms." Washington Post, June29, 1998, p. F12.

Lewis, Michael. "The Access Capitalists; Influence Peddling: The Next Generation." New Republic, October 18, 1993, p. 20.

Mintz, John. "So What Would Your Company Do With These Guys on Your Team?" Washington Post, April 7, 1996, p. HI.

Ortega, Bob. "Ice Fishing; How Pillsbury, Quaker Oats, and Drexel Burnham Got Millions in Cool Cash from Alaska's Eskimos." Washington Monthly, July 1988, p. 10.

Sugawara, Sandra. "Carlyle's $75 million Offer Accepted By NJ. Company." Washington Post, September 30, 1988, p. 3.

Swardson, Anne. "Aleut Alert: Firms Eye Tax Loopholes in Alaskan Concerns." Washington Post, October 21, 1986, p. Cl.

Turner, Robert. "A Wrong That Must Be Acknowledged." Boston Globe, December 8, 1991, p. A25.

Warren Walsh, Sharon. "Rafshoon's TV Production Firm Is Acquired." Washington Post, February 11, 1988, p. 10.

Weintraub, Bernard. "New Job For Aide Who Quit Bush Campaign." New York Times, September 10, 1989, p. 21.

Chapter 2 Craterair

"Caterair International Files to Sell $230 Mln of Notes." Bloomberg News, July 14, 1993.

Ewen, Beth. "Malek Brings Cargo of Controversy to NWA." Minneapolis-St. Paul City Business, October 9, 1989, p. 1.

Faiola, Anthony. "Onex to Take Over Caterair Operations." Washington Post, May 11, 1995, p. B14.

Farhi, Paul. "Marriott's Air Catering Unit Is Sold." Washington Post, July12, 1989, p. Fl.

Field, David. "Malek Reduces His Role at Northwest Airlines." Washington Times, June 20, 1990, p. Cl.

Kamen, Al. "It Takes More than Two." Washington Post, May 26, 1995, p.A25.

Prakash, Snigdha. "Caterair International Spreads Its Wings on a Solo Flight." Washington Post, August 3, 1992, p. 5.

Rotenier, Nancy. "Coffee, Tea, or Bankruptcy?" Forbes, September 26, 1994, p. 72.

Slater, Wayne. "Bush Defends Leaving Troubled Firm's Board." Dallas Morning News, September 17, 1994, p. 40A.

Chapter 3 Mr. Clean

Auerback, Stuart. "Sears Tries New Role as Wheeler-Dealer in World Trade." Washington Post, April 9, 1984, p. 1.

Cockburn, Alexander. "Creepy Carlucci; Frank Carlucci: Beat the Devil." Nation, December 20, 1986, p. 694.

"Congo-Kinshasa: The Cardinal Sin That Lumumba Committed." Africa News, February 19, 2002.

Day, Kathleen. "Frank Carlucci and the Corporate Whirl." Washington Post, February 7, 1993, p. HI.

Dizard, John. "Sears' Humbled Trading Empire." Fortune, June 25, 1984, p. 71.

"Frank C. Carlucci: 16th Secretary of Defense, Reagan Administration." Department of Defense, www.defenselink.mil.

"Frank Charles Carlucci: New National Security Adviser." U.P.I., December 2, 1986.

"Frank Charles Carlucci." Washington Post, November 6, 1987, p. A14.

Kirschten, Dick. "Competent Manager." National Journal, February 28,1987, p. 468.

Komisar, Lucy. "Carlucci Can't Hide His Role in 'Lumumba.' " Pacific News Service, February 14, 2002.

Mayer, Caroline E. "Carlucci Supersvised Arms Advisers at Sears." Washington Post, December 11, 1986, p. Al.

Mayer, Caroline E. "Sears Trade Takes on a Smaller Chunk of the World." Washington Post, October 14, 1985, p. F3.

Moore, Molly. "Corporate Post Made Carlucci Rich." Washington Post, December 21, 1987, p. A5.

Morley, Jefferson. "Story of a Consummate Bureaucrat, Frank C. Carlucci." Nation, December 19, 1987, p. 737.

"President Calls on a Mr. Clean." Chicago Tribune, December 3, 1986, p.1.

"Profile on Frank Carlucci: From the Knives of the Congo to Darkest Pentagon." Times (London), November 8, 1987.

Shorrock, Tim. "Company Man." Nation, March 14, 2002.

Chapter 4 Carlucci's Connections

Gerth, Jeff. "In a Shadowy Marketplace, America Buys Russian Arms." New York Times, December 24, 1994, p. 1.

Gibbons, Kent. "Auditing Consultant Named to Head BDM." Washington Times, March 10, 1992, p. Cl.

Goodwin, William. "Loral Corp. in Pact with Carlyle Group on Sale of Ford Aerospace Assets." American Banker, September 19, 1990, p. 22.

Jehl, Douglas and William C. Rempel. "Firm Saw Bigjump in Navy Contracts after I liring Paisley's Wife." Los Angeles Times, July, 10, 1988, p. 30.

Obituaries "Melvyn Paisley, 77, Navy Aide Caught in Procurement Scandal." Los Angeles Times, December 27, 2001, p. 11.

"Paisley Pleads Guilty to 111 Wind Conspiracy." Defense Daily, June 17, 1991, p. 445.

Sugawara, Sandra. "Carlyle Group to Buy BDM." Washington Post, September 19, 1990, p. 1.

Sugawara, Sandra. "Secret of Success for BDM May Be President's Style." Washington Post, July 4, 1988, p. 1.

Chapter 5 Getting Defensive

Atkinson, Rick and Fred Hiatt/'Contracting Conducted Over Golden Safety Net." Washington Post, March 31, 1985, p. Al.

Colodny, Mark M. "Frank Carlucci Goes Hunting." Fortune, February 25, 1991, p. 155.

Field, David. "Harsco Spurns Carlyle Proposal." Washington Times, April 25, 1990, p. C3.

Friedman, Alan. "Big Names at Little-Known Investment House." Financial Times, September 30, 1993, p. 27.

"Harsco Corp. Announcement." PRNewswire, February 2, 1990.

Hinden, Stan. "Carlyle Puts Heat on Harsco." Washington Post, April 12, 1990, p. I.

Howe, Robert F. "Unisys to Pay Record Fine in Defense Fraud." Washington Post, September 7, 1991, p. 1.

Morrison, David C. "Eat or Be Eaten." National Journal, March 6, 1993, p.559.

Pearlstein, Steven. "Loral, Northrop, Carlyle Win Bidding War for LTV Unit." Washington Post, August 14, 1992, p. Bl.

Pearlstein, Steven. "Opposition to LTV Bid Intensifies; Congress, Bush Panel Fault Thomson Deal." Washington Post, July 3, 1992, p. Fl.

Pearlstein, Steven. "Undoing a Done Deal: How a Few Key Days Broke Marietta's Grip on LTV Aerospace." Washington Post, April 19, 1992, p. HI.

Smith, Todd. "Carlyle Offers Harsco Peace Pact." Washington Times, January 18, 1991, p. C7.

Chapter 6 An Arabian White Knight

"BCCI Behind Closed Doors." Financial Times (London), November 16, 1991, p. 4.

Day, Kathleen. "Citicorp Deal Puts Saudi in Kind of Situation He Hoped to Avoid." Washington Post, February 23, 1991, p. Bl.

Day, Kathleen. "Saudi Invests $590 million in Citicorp." Washington Post, February 22, 1991, p. 1.

Frank, Steve. "Prince Alwaleed's Road to Riches." Wall Street Journal, May16, 2001.

Knight, Jerry. "Saudi Billionaire Discloses Investments of $850 million; Motorola, News Corp., Netscape Buys Cited." Washington Post, November26, 1997, p. C9.

LaFraniere, Sharon. "Grand Jury Indicts BCCI in alifornia Bank Takeover." Washington Post, November 16, 1991, p. 1.

Chapter 7 Vinnell's Executive Mercenaries

Gibbons, Kent. "BDM Swallows Vinnell of Fairfax." Washington Times, March 14, 1992, p. B5.

Hanley, Charles J. "Saudi Guard Gets Quiet Help from U.S. Firm with Connections." Associated Press, March 22, 1997.

"Mideast Dilemma: Is U.S. Training a Future Foe?" U.S. News & World Report, February 24, 1975, p. 21.

Priest, Dana. "Attack Puts Spotlight on American Presence." Washington Post, November 14, 1995, p. A15.

Schrader, Esther. "Companies Capitalize on War on Terror; Since the 1970s, the U.S. Has Used Private Contractors to Educate Foreign Troops." Los Angeles Times, April 14, 2002, p. 1A.

Silverstein, Ken. "Saudis and Americans: Friends in Need." Nation, Decembers, 2001, p. 15.

Stacks, John F. "The Marine's Private Army; Former Spooks and Oddball Operatives Made up North's Band." Time,]u\j 13, 1987, p. 32.

"Terrorism against Energy Pipelines." Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, June13, 2002."The U.S. Foreign Legion." Forbes, March 1, 1975, p. 40.

Well, Jonathan, Jack Meyers, and Maggie Mulvihill. "War on Terrorism: U.S. Ties to Saudi Elite May Be Hurting War on Terrorism." Boston Herald, December 10, 2001, p. 1.

Willenson, Kim. "Persian Gulf: This Gun for Hire." Newsweek, February24, 1975, p. 30.

Chapter 8 Out of the Shadows

Alexander, Garth. "How Reagan's Aides Rescued Euro Disney." Sunday Times, June 12, 1994.

Friedman, Alan. "Big Names at Little-Known Investment House." Financial Times, September 30, 1993, p. 27.

Greenwald, John. "Peddling Power for Profit; Big Names and Political Connections Prove a Bankable Asset for a Growing Washington Investment Firm." Time, March 22, 1993, p. 39.

"James Baker to Join Carlyle Group as Partner." Bloomberg News, March 11, 1993.

"Kuwaiti Oil Company Buys 300 Agip Service Stations." Agence France Presse, September 6, 1995.

Lacayo, Richard. "The Rebellious Soldier; Unable to March in Step with His New Commander in Chief, Colin Powell Mulls Over His Postmilitary Options." Time, February 15, 1993, p. 32.

Lewis, Michael. "The Access Capitalists; Influence Peddling: The Next Generation." New Republic, October 18, 1993, p. 20.

Mintz, John. "Founder Going Beyond the Carlyle Group; Norris to Start Investment Partnership." Washington Post, January 9, 1995, p. F9.

"Richard Darman to Join Carlyle Group as a Managing Director." Bloomberg News, February 24, 1993.

Chapter 9 Breaking the Bank

"Carlyle Adds to Fund in Second Closing." Buyouts, January 9, 1995.

"Carlyle Boosts Target, Sets November Final." Buyouts, October 9, 1995.

"Carlyle Fund Nears $300 Million First Close." Buyouts, September 12, 1994.

"Carlyle Fund Rolls to $1.33 Billion Final." Buyouts, September 30, 1996.

"Carlyle Group Nearing Fund Closing." Mergers & Acquisitions Report, December 6, 1993.

"Carlyle Group Raises $1.1 Billion for European Buyout Fund." Bloomberg News, July SO, 1998.

Cook, Bob. "Carlyle Fund Reaches $400 Million." Mergers & Acquisitions Report, December 12, 1994, p. 3.

Harlan, Christi. "Carlyle Group's Fund Gets Stake from George Soros." Wall Street Journal, September 27, 1993.

Jury, Jennifer. "Carlyle Caps Europe Fund at Double Its Initial Target." U.K. Venture Capital Journal, October 1, 1998.

Kaletsky, Anatole. "How Mr. Soros Made a Billion By Betting against the Pound." Times (London), October 26, 1992.

Kosman, Josh. "Carlyle Expands Reach with Latin, Russian Funds." Buyouts, June 1, 1998.

Kosman, Josh. "Carlyle, Now Global, Turns Attention to Asia with NewMega-Fund." Buyouts, April 20, 1998.

Kosman, Josh. "Carlyle Raises $1 Billion for First European Fund." Buyouts, April 6, 1998.

Kosman, Josh. "Politicos on the Buyout Bandwagon." Global Finance, May1, 1998.

Moriarty, George. "Carlyle Opens New Investment Avenues." Private Equity Week, May 4, 1998.

Pearlstein, Steven. "Carlyle's Good Fortune; with Incentives, the Art of the Deal Becomes a Billion-Dollar Bonanza." Washington Post, December 29, 1997, p. F10.

"Soros to Invest $100 million in Carlyle Group U.S. Investment Fund." Bloomberg News, September 27, 1993.

"Thiokol, Carlyle Group Joining Forces to Buy Howmet Corp." Weekly Business of Aviation, October 16, 1995.

"Winning Big from Collapse of Pound." Financial Post, October 27, 1992.

Chapter 10 Buying Bush

Concson, Joe and Kevin P. Phillips. "The George W. Bush Success Story; A Heartwarming Tale about Baseball, $1.7 Billion, and a Lot of Swell Friends." Harper's Magazine, February 1, 2000, p. 39.

"Former Treasurer Leaves New Job in Midst of Federal Probe." Associated Press, July 9, 1999.

Fulman, Ricki. "Paul Silvester out at New Job with Washington Consultant." Pensions and Investments, July 26, 1999, p. 4.

Gorlick, Adam. "Bush Money Man Steps Aside, for Now." Associated Press, September 24, 1999.

Lender, Jon. "Associate of Former Treasurer Cooperates in Probe; Finder's Fees Key Focus in Silvester Investigation." Hartford Courant, September 4, 1999, p. Al.

Lender, Jon. "Companies Warned on Finder's Fees." Hartford Courant, November 9, 1999.

Lender, Jon. "Nappier Releases List of 'Finders': Top Politicians Linked to Pension Fund Deals." Hartford Courant, October 21, 1999, p.Al.

Lender, Jon. "SEC Probe Likely Partnership Invested State Pension Funds." Hartford Courant, December 9, 1999.

Lender, Jon. "3 Plead Guilty in Corruption Case." Hartford Courant, September 24, 1999, p. Al.

Mintz, John. "State Pension Investments Probed; Ex-Conn. Treasurer Placed Funds with Firms Tied to Bush Fund Raiser." Washington Post, September 3, 1999, p. A25.

"Nappier Reveals Compensation Paid By Firms in Response to Her Request for Disclosure." Office of Connecticut State Treasurer Denise Nappier, October 20, 1999.

"Office of Ex-Treasurer's Sister Searched by FBI." Associated Press, July 21, 1999.

Rhodes, Tom. "Bush's Backers in Fraud Inquiry." Sunday Times (London), March 5, 2000.

"Some Figures in Texas Flap Linked to Silvester." Associated Press, March 7, 2000.

Starkman, Dean. "Connecticut Treasurer Moves to Unwind or Cancel Investments Made By Silvester." Wall Street Journal, September 29, 1999.

"Statement by State Treasurer Denise L. Nappier." Office of Connecticut State Treasurer Denise Nappier, November 16, 1999.

"$3 Million in Fees Paid to Carlyle Group Subsidiary." Journal Inquirer of Manchester, January 26, 2000.

"Treasurer Updates Compensation Disclosure Report." Office of Connecticut State Treasurer Denise Nappier, December 8, 1999.

Zielbauer, Paul. "Connecticut Ex-Treasurer Jailed." New York Times, January 3, 2002, p. B4.

Chapter 11 Family Business

"A Media Specialist Is Leaving Salomon." New York Times, June 19, 1998, p. 1) 4.

"Carlyle-KorAm Deal Faces Tough Challenges." Korea Times, March 17,2000.

Corn, David and Paul Lashmar. "Bush of Arabia; Questions about Former President George Bush and Former Prime Minister John Major Traveling to Saudi Arabia on Behalf of the Carlyle Group." Nation, March 27, 2000, p. 19.

Davidson, Paul. "Phone Start-Ups Tangle with Giants." USA Today, August21, 2001, p. IB.

"Ex-U.S. Pres. Bush Arrives in Seoul." Korea Times, May 28, 1999.

"Former FCC Chairman Kennard to Join Carlyle." Wall Street Journal, May3, 2001, p. C16.

Fowler, Tom. "SBC] to Offer Long Distance as of July 10; FCC Approval to Heat up Telecom Market in Texas." Houston Chronicle, July 1, 2000, p. 1.

Gedda, George. "Out of Sync Seoul." Associated Press, March 28, 2001.

Ihlwan, Moon. "The Bank That Almost Got Away." Business Week, October 30, 2000, p. 58.

Khanthong, Thanong. "Anand Outlines Ties to Group of Giants." Nation, March 6, 2001.

"KorAm Major Sharholder Carlyle Is Speculative Investor." Korea Times, April 19,2001.

Marquis, Christopher. "Experts Urge Bush to Resume North Korea Talks." New York Times, March 27, 2001.

Miller, Alan C. "Problems with a Globe-Trotting Father; Ex-President Bush's Many Foreign Dealings Could Pose Conflicts If His Son Wins White House." Los Angeles Times, May 7, 2000, p. 1A.

Mowbray, Rebecca. "Justice Weighs in against SBC Bid; FTC to Mak<Decision By April." Houston Chronicle, February 15, 2000, p. 1.

"North Korea: U.S. Plans to Resume Talks." Facts on File World News !>/ gest, June 6, 2001.

Perlez, Jane. "Bush Senior, on His Son's Behalf, Reassures Saudi Leader." New York Times, July 15, 2001, p. 6.

Perlez, Jane. "Fatherly Advice to the President on North Korea." New YorkTimes, June 10, 2001.

"SBC Can Offer Long-Distance to 2 States." Houston Chronicle, January 23, 2001.

"SBC Communications, Saudi's STC Break off Partnership Talks." Agence France Presse, December 13, 2000.

"U.S. Carlyle to Invest over $1 Billion." Korea Times, May 28, 1999.

"U.S. Firm to Link with Saudi Phone Company." Agence France Presse, August 31, 2000.

Wayne, Leslie. "Elder Bush in Big G.O.P. Cast Toiling for Top Equity Firm." New York Times, March 5, 2001.

Chapter 12 Big Guns

Barry, John. "Choose Your Weapons." Newsweek, May 20, 2002, p. 43.

"Bush Sr. Should Stop Working for International Equity Firm While SonIs President. "Judicial Watch, March 4, 2001.

"Business Briefs." Chicago Tribune, August 13, 1997, p. 3. "Business in Brief." Washington Post, December 5, 2000, p. E2.

Fisher, Ian. "Montenegro: Voters Back Leader's Party." New York Times, May 17, 2002, p. A6.

Graham, Bradley. "Army Plans Modest Makeover of Combat Divisions." Washington Post, June 9, 1998, p. Al.

"Harsco, FMC Sign Definitive Agreement to Sell United Defense, L.P.to the Carlyle Group." PRNewswire, August 26, 1997.

Jaffe, Greg and Anne Marie Squeo. "Heavy Metal: Crusader Artillery Gun Becomes the Quarry in Pentagon Showdown." Wall Street Journal, May 4, 2001, p. Al."

Judicial Watch to File FOIA Lawsuit Today over Carlyle Group Documents. "Judicial Watch, November 27, 2001.

Kosman, Josh. "Carlyle Takes a Shot with $850 Million Defense Buyout." Buyouts, September 15, 1997.

"Missiles and Summitry: A Farewell to Armaments." Economist, May 18, 2002, p. 29.

Mulvihill, Maggie, Jack Meyers, and Jonathan Wells. "Slick Deals: BushAdvisers Cashed in on Saudi Gravy Train." Boston Herald, December 11,2001, p. 1.

Newman, Rick. "Study Warns Army Lowering Standards for Vehicles." Defense Week, March 6, 2000.

"Rumsfeld Taking Defense Budget in Right Direction, BENS Says." Aerospace Daily, July 2, 2001, p. 1.

Schneider, Greg and Thomas E. Ricks. "Firms to Build Lighter ArmyVehicles." Washington Post, November 17, 2000, p. E3.

"Technology Network Hosts Event for Texas Governor George W. Bush." Business Wire, September 30, 1999.

Thompson, Mark. "Blasting the Crusader: Why the Army's Newest and Biggest Gun May Become a Target for Bush's Defense Department." Time, January 15, 2001, p. 34.

Chapter 13 9/11/2001

"Anthrax Cleanup Jobs Awarded." Engineering News Record, November 12, 2001, p. 15.

"Army Issues Notice of Crusader Contract Cancellation; United Defense Awarded Contract to Develop New Cannon Artillery System for the U.S.Army." PR Newswire, August 9, 2002.

"Bin Laden Family Is Tied to U.S. Group." Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2001, p. A3.

Brazaitis, Tom. "A Strange Intersection of Bushes and Bin Ladens." Plain Dealer of Cleveland, November 13, 2001.

Burns, Robert. "Army Probes Alleged Weapon Lobbying." AssociatedPress, May 3, 2002.

"Chronology of Anthrax Events." Sun-Sentinel, January 10, 2002.

Clow, Robert. "The Well-Connected Deal-Makers." Financial Times (London), August 26, 2002, p. 10.

"Company Agrees to Acquire Environmental Firm." Associated Press, January 16,2002.

Corn, David. "Crusader: Intrigue and Backstabbing in the House of Bush." Nation, May 6, 2002.

Dao, James. "The Military Contractors; Beneficiaries of the MilitaryBuildup Await Their Orders." New York Times, September 22, 2001, p. Cl.

"DOD to Cancel Controversial Crusader Program." News Briefs From U.S. Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney, May 8, 2002.

Edsall, Thomas B. "Muslims Aid Embattled House Member." WashingtonPost, August 2, 2002, p. A6.

Eichenwald, Kurt. "Bin Laden Family Liquidates Holdings with Carlyle Group." New York Times, October 26, 2001.

Eilperin, Juliet. "Democrat Implies Sept. 11 Administration Plot." Washington Post, April 12, 2002, p. A16.

Finelli, Frank. "The Crusader and Defense Transformation." Defense Week, May 28, 2002.

Fineman, Mark. "Arms Buildup Is a Boon to Firm Run by Big Guns; Ex-President and Other Washington Elites Are Behind the CarlyleGroup." Los Angeles Times, January 10, 2002, p. Al.

"IT Group Says Debt Refinancing Unlikely, Considering Chapter 11." Associated Press, December 27, 2001.

McKay, Jim. "On the Prowl; Cleanup Company to Move Here, Seek Acquisitions." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, January 5, 1997, p. C5.

McKinney, Cynthia. "Bush Must Answer Sept. 11 Questions." Atlanta Journal-Constitution, April 15, 2002, p. 10A.

"Mountain Men." Pittsburgh Business Times Journal, September 29, 2000, p. 3.

Nisse, Jason. "Bush Faces Flak over Family Links with Winner of U.S. Defence Contract." Independent on Sunday (London), January 13, 2002, p. 1.

Parker, Kathleen. "Idiotic Accusation Borders on Treason." San Jose Mercury News, April 17, 2002, p. FEA.

Pincus, Walter. "Crusader a Boon to Carlyle Group Even If Pentagon Scraps Project." Washington Post, May 14, 2002, p. A3.

"September 11: Chronology of Terror." CNN.com, September 12, 2001.

Shorrock, Tim. "Crony Capitalism Goes Global." Nation, April 1, 2002.

Shorrock, Tim. "The Big Guns." New Internationalist Magazine, July 1, 2002.

Shuler, Dearda. "Has Terrorism Come to the U.S. or Has It Always Been Here?" Michigan Citizen, October 13, 2001, p. 10.

"The IT Group Is Providing Widespread Support for the Anthrax Response." PRNewswire, November 20, 2001.

Thompson, Mark. "The Lessons of Afghanistan." Time, February 18, 2002, p. 28.

Ward, Mike. "Bin Laden Relatives Have Ties to Texas." Austin American-Statesman, November 9, 2001, p. Al.

Woolner, Ann. "The Truth Behind Congresswoman's 9/11 Conspiracy."Bloomberg News, May 24, 2002.

Epilogue

Almon, Siobhan. "QinetiQ Agency to Go Private." Daily Deal, January 22, 2002.

"Congress Told of $520 Million in Taiwan Military Sales." Reuters, September 5, 2002.

Pank, Philip. "MOD Rejects Fears over Defence Sell-Off." Guardian, September 5, 2002.

Shorrock, Tim. "U.S.-Taiwan; The Guiding Hand of Frank Carlucci." Asia Times, March 19, 2002.

Wonacott, Peter. "Private-Equity Funds Launch Oversight Association in China." Wall Street Journal, ]une 18, 2002.

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